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Restrictive and Repetitive Behavior
One of the hallmark features of an autism spectrum disorder is the presence of restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRBs), interests, and activities. Individuals may engage in stereotyped and repetitive motor movements (e.g., hand flapping or lining up items) or speech (e.g., echolalia). They may...
Rett Syndrome
Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurological disorder often misdiagnosed as autism, cerebral palsy or non-specified developmental delay. This disorder is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene that disrupts its function. Although it has been primarily reported in females more males are being identified.
Severe Behavior Disorders
Treatment of Severe Behavior Disorders: Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autism , are at increased risk for engaging in problem behavior such as self-injury, aggression, and property destruction. When these behaviors are intense and frequent, they can...
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy that affects red blood cells, causing them to adopt a sickle or crescent shaped formation when under duress. This disease is caused by a single mutation to the hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene. When people have one HBB gene mutation, they have...
Skeletal Disorders
Skeletal disorders include Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Osteoporosis and Limb Length discrepancy.
Sleep Disorders
Sleep disorders occur in typically developing individuals, and they are probably even more common in individuals with developmental disabilities.
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Smith-Lemli-Optiz Syndrome (SLOS) is a genetic disorder that affects the development of children both before and after birth.
Spasticity
Spasticity is a condition characterized by an increase in muscle tone or muscle stiffness that may interfere with movement, speech, or cause discomfort or pain.
Spina Bifida
Spina bifida results from the failure of the spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy. In severe cases, the spinal cord protrudes through the back and may be covered by skin or a thin membrane.
Spinal Cord Injury and Paralysis
Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when a traumatic event results in damage to cells within the spinal cord or severs the nerve tracts that relay signals up and down the spinal cord. The most common types of SCI include contusion (bruising of the spinal cord) and compression (caused by pressure on the spinal cord).